Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning

Knowledge Construction | Principles & Processes

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The metaphor of learning referred to as knowledge construction is grounded in three principles from cognitive science research (Mayer, 2009, 2014c) as follows:

Dual Channels	People have separate channels for processing visual/pictorial material and auditory/verbal material
Limited Capacity	People can actively process only a few pieces of information in each channel at one time
Active Processing	Learning occurs when people engage in appropriate cognitive processing during learning, such as: Attending to relevant material Organizing the material into a coherent structure Integrating the material with what they already know

Meaningful learning occurs when the learner appropriately engages in all three processes. (Clark and Mayer, 2016)

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning

Dual Channels

Limited Capacity

Active Processing

Dual
Channels

Limited
Capacity

Active
Processing